This error encouuntered on a windows 7 computer which was never updated. Clicking the option to Get help with this error and then run the Microsoft Fixit doesnt seem to help.
The issue was due to DNS on the client computer pointing at the default gateway for DNS, switching to one of the public DNS fixed the problem, changed DNS to google public dns 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 got the updates working again.